The prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) in pregnancy has increased substantially over the past two decades and overdose is now the leading cause of postpartum mortality in the US. Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are central to efforts to improve maternal and infant health, however receipt falls well below need, and questions remain regarding which medications work best, in what settings, and for whom. Elucidating the best strategies for MOUD access and treatment among pregnant, postpartum, and parenting individuals is complex: clinical severity and demographic factors shape medication choice, dose, and discontinuation decisions; access can be siloed across distinct treatment systems; and outcomes span maternal, neonatal, and early childhood domains. This playlist curates foundational and recent epidemiologic and multidisciplinary work to illustrate how the field has generated an evidence base, including key areas where questions remain. Included papers move from early comparative evaluations of methadone versus buprenorphine on neonatal outcomes, to formulation and dosing questions, to impacts beyond the neonatal period. We also include studies that use novel methods and frameworks to examine the structural determinants shaping real-world access to MOUD and to identify levers for improving equitable, sustained treatment during pregnancy and postpartum.