Genital herpes: Gender comparisons in the development of cardiovascular disease
Abstract
Genital herpes, or HSV-2, is a serious public health problem with about half a billion people worldwide between the ages of 15-49 having this type of virus. Within the United States, nearly 20% in have this viral infection. While genital herpes can be caused by two types of viruses and can potentially lead to cervical cancer, we assume that genital herpes is solely caused by HSV-2. In this study, we explored the relationship between HSV-2, angina pectoris, and gender differences to gain an improved understanding of health equity. The 2003-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is a nationally representative survey among the non-institutionalized population that is published in two-year cycles. Inclusion criteria for this study were individuals who were 20 to 59 years or older. Diagnosis of genital herpes was determined from self-reported data. Logistic regression was utilized to determine the connections between HSV-2 and angina pectoris, as it pertains to male versus female patients. For angina pectoris, the crude odds ratio (OR) for HSV-2 was 3.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34-9.60, p< 0.01). The adjusted OR was statistically significant 3.58 (CI 1.02-12.59, p< 0.05), among female patients with HSV-2, but not statistically significant (3.18 CI 0.45-22.2, p=0.24) among male patients with HSV-2, after adjusting for medical (obesity and congestive heart failure) and demographic variables (age, education level, insurance, and poverty). According to our findings, female patients with HSV-2 are approximately four times more likely to experience angina pectoris than male patients. Clinicians should encourage patients to consistently use condoms or dental dams during all sexual activity, including oral, anal, and vaginal sex, especially among female patients. Consistent screening through swab tests or blood tests can be used to screen for HSV-2. Also, female patients particularly must be monitored as this can allow for herpes to indirectly lead to cardiovascular disease.
