A Preliminary meta-analysis evaluating risk of digestive cancers from exposure to talc
Abstract
In 2025, the FDA conducted an expert panel discussion that led to scientific assertions that talc causes inflammation in the digestive tract and thus may increase the risk of colorectal cancer among younger individuals. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the risk of digestive cancers, based on currently available literature (including stomach, colorectal cancer (CRC), pancreatic, and hepatic cancers). We followed PRISMA guidelines and searched for all literature pertaining to talc, regardless of talc type, through 2025. Upon inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of eight cohort studies remained in our final analysis. Meta-analyses were run using Der Simonian and Laird random effects models. CRC yielded a meta-RR of 1.04 (95% CI: 0.68-1.58, n=7), stomach cancer 1.46 (95% CI: 0.68-1.58, n=9), pancreatic cancer 0.85 (95% CI: 0.41-1.73, n=4), and hepatic cancers 1.02 (95% CI: 0.44-2.36, n=2). Moderate heterogeneity was observed for stomach cancer only. When stratified by industrial vs. consumer talc for stomach cancer, the meta-RRs were 1.68 (95% CI: 0.67-4.18, n=5) and 1.05 (95% CI: 0.56-1.95, n=3), respectively. For CRC, the meta-RRs were 0.98 (95% CI: 0.49-1.95, n=3) and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.64-1.93, n=4). Based on these preliminary results, talc does not appear to be statistically associated with digestive cancer. Although industrial talc estimates were observed to be more elevated in magnitude than consumer talc estimates neither reached a level of statistical significance. Further investigation into other confounding factors, such as radiation exposure and high smoking rates among industrial talc miners may contribute to the elevated magnitude of risk, however, consumer talc does not appear to be associated with any digestive malignancy examined.
