Many jurisdictions in high-income countries have created markets for retail cannabis use over the last decade. Initial cannabis use is prevalent among youth (i.e., 10-19 years of age) but characterizing the directionality of cannabis use among youth and the development of anxiety is a notable gap that requires further study. A rapid review was registered on the Open Science Framework and was conducted in accordance with best practices for rapid reviews to address this knowledge gap. PubMed, Medline (via Ovid), Embase (via Ovid), and PsycINFO (via Ovid) were searched on December 29, 2025 for peer-reviewed observational studies in high-income countries that were published in English between 2000 to 2025. Articles were exported to Covidence for screening; one reviewer conducted screening, and a second reviewer reviewed a five percent random sample for agreement. Period of observation, sample size, country, exposures and outcomes, results, and limitations were extracted and narratively synthesized. Risk of bias assessments were conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for non-randomized studies. There were 3,463 articles that were exported from database searches and screened; 21 articles were included and synthesized in the review (N = 52,299 youth). The period of analysis ranged from 1987 to 2021 across the U.S., Canada, Australia, U.K., Switzerland, and Norway. Cannabis use among youth was strongly associated with emergency room visits for generalized anxiety and the development of anxiety and panic attacks in adulthood. Nine studies were of good quality; 10 studies were of fair quality; and two studies were of poor quality. These findings affirm the importance of public health messaging to youth and parents about the risks of cannabis use, and they also underscore the importance of regulatory actions (e.g., restriction, packaging labels, etc.) on all cannabis products.