Cancer
Hispanic and Asian American/Pacific Islander ethnic enclave, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and renal cell carcinoma incidence in California Zhengyi Deng* Zhengyi Deng Deng Deng Deng Deng Deng Deng Deng Deng Deng Deng Deng Stanford University School of Medicine
Objective: This study evaluated associations of neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) and ethnic enclave with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence among Hispanic and Asian American/Pacific Islander (AAPI) populations in California.
Methods: We conducted a population-based study including 7476 Hispanic and 2266 AAPI individuals in the California Cancer Registry diagnosed with RCC during three peri-censal periods: 1988-1992, 1998-2002, and 2008-2012. Using race- and ethnicity-specific population counts from 1990, 2000, and 2010 Census data, we calculated incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) across nSES and ethnic enclave quintiles and for cross-classified categories of binary nSES and binary ethnic enclave. Analyses were conducted overall and by sex, age at diagnosis, tumor histology, tumor stage, and time period.
Results: Higher nSES quintiles compared with the lowest quintile demonstrated positive IRRs for both Hispanic (IRRs ranged 1.04-1.13) and AAPI (IRRs ranged 1.14-1.40) individuals. Higher acculturation quintiles were also associated with positive IRRs in Hispanic (IRRs ranged 1.09-1.24) and AAPI individuals (IRRs ranged 1.01-1.21). Compared with low nSES/less acculturated neighborhoods, residing in high nSES and/or more acculturated neighborhoods showed increased RCC incidence in both populations. These associations were generally similar according to sex, age at diagnosis, and tumor histology and were mainly observed for localized stage RCC. Differences in incidence rates by nSES emerged in later time periods in both populations, whereas differences by acculturation level were consistent over time in the Hispanic population only.
Conclusion: We observed higher RCC incidence among Hispanic and AAPI individuals residing in higher nSES and more acculturated neighborhoods. These patterns may reflect differences in access to healthcare and RCC diagnosis, as well as potential etiologic influences of neighborhood factors.