Cancer
Associations between a posteriori dietary patterns and prostate cancer risk: results from the BIOCaPPE prospective cohort study Farah Ben Souilah* Farah Ben Souilah Caroline Diorio Jean Philippe Drouin-Chartier Benoît Lamarche Fred Saad Michel Carmel Armen Aprikian Réseau BIOCaPPE Vincent Fradet
In Canada, 1 in 8 men will develop prostate cancer (PCa) during their lifetime, with 25% of cases being potentially preventable. Age, ethnicity and family history are established risk factors for PCa. Lifestyle habits such as diet are suspected to impact PCa development and progression. Although studies have suggested an association between diet and PCa, evidence remains insufficient for diet-based prevention strategy, likely due to inadequate study designs and the complexity of diet as an exposure. Our approach is to study the associations between a posteriori dietary patterns and PCa risk in a large prospective cohort study.
BIOCaPPE (BIOmarqueurs, Cancer de la Prostate: Prévention et Environnement) is a multicentric prospective cohort study conducted in Canada between 2013 and 2022. Men at risk of PCa were eligible by either a 1st negative biopsy 6 months prior to enrollment or a prostate-specific antigen ranging between 2.5-10 ng/ml with no prior biopsy. At study baseline, a web-based food frequency questionnaire was completed to assess dietary intake. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. The association between dietary patterns and PCa incidence was assessed using adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression after a minimum two-year follow up and adjusted on confounders identified by directed acyclic graphs.
Three dietary patterns were identified: Prudent (high in fruits, vegetables, fish, seafood, and olive oil), Western (high in red/processed meats, processed foods, and butter), and Sweet & Dairy (high in cookies, dairy, and some fruits). For the highest versus the lowest quintiles, the hazard ratio for the Prudent pattern was 0.70 [0.47-1.05, adjusted p-trend=0.03]. No association was found for the two other dietary patterns.
These results allow for a thorough description of diets among men at risk of PCa. A better characterization of this population-specific Prudent diet may reveal additional protective effects against PCa