Mental Health
Unpacking the Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Adolescent Mental Health: Pathways to Equity and Intervention Damilola Sherifat* damilola Sherifat Shaba
Abstract:
Background: Mental health outcomes are profoundly shaped by social determinants of health (SDOH), including economic status, education, neighborhood environment, and access to healthcare. Disparities in these determinants disproportionately affect racial and ethnic minorities, low-income populations, and marginalized communities, exacerbating mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to these inequities, as early-life experiences significantly influence long-term mental health trajectories. This research synthesizes findings from peer-reviewed studies and national health reports to explore how inequities in SDOH contribute to adolescent mental health burdens and to identify intervention strategies that promote health equity.
Aims:
- To assess the relationship between key social determinants and adolescent mental health outcomes across diverse populations.
- To identify systemic barriers contributing to mental health disparities among adolescents.
- To propose policy and community-based interventions that address SDOH as a means of improving adolescent mental health equity.
Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, drawing from national health databases and peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2024. Databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and PsychINFO were utilized to collect relevant studies.
Quantitative Component: National health surveys (e.g., Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System – YRBSS, National Survey on Drug Use and Health – NSDUH) were analyzed to evaluate adolescent mental health indicators across different socioeconomic and racial groups. Multivariate regression models in existing studies were reviewed to assess correlations between income, education, housing stability, and mental health outcomes such as depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation.
Qualitative Component: Secondary analysis of qualitative research from existing literature provided insights into adolescents’ lived experiences regarding mental health and social determinants.
Results:
Quantitative analysis from reviewed studies revealed a strong correlation between low socioeconomic status and increased prevalence of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among adolescents (p < 0.01). Adolescents in communities with limited healthcare access reported 2.1 times higher rates of untreated mental health conditions compared to those in communities with better access. Studies highlighted that academic pressure, social media influence, and adverse childhood experiences significantly contribute to mental health challenges. Neighborhoods with greater access to green spaces, recreational facilities, and community youth programs demonstrated lower rates of psychological distress among adolescents.
Learning Objectives:
- Understand the multifaceted role of SDOH in shaping adolescent mental health outcomes.
- Recognize systemic barriers contributing to mental health inequities in adolescent populations.
- Develop evidence-based strategies to integrate SDOH into adolescent mental health policies and interventions.
- Advocate for cross-sector collaborations to address adolescent mental health through a public health lens.
Conclusion: Addressing adolescent mental health disparities requires a holistic approach that extends beyond traditional healthcare models. By prioritizing social determinants as part of adolescent mental health frameworks, policymakers and public health professionals can foster environments that promote psychological well-being, reduce inequities, and drive sustainable community health improvements. This research emphasizes the urgency of embedding social determinant considerations into national and local adolescent mental health strategies.
Keywords: Social Determinants of Health, Adolescent Mental Health Disparities, Equity, Public Health, Community Interventions, Health Policy
