Diabetes
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Latin America: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies Laura Alejandra Parra Gomez* Jennifer Paola Puerta Rojas Laura Alejandra Parra Gomez Alberto Javier Vásquez Cadena Maria Angelica Escalante Remolina Alvaro Jose Lora Mantilla Paul Anthony Camacho Lopez Silvia Juliana Villabona Florez
Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a cardiometabolic condition characterized by cardiovascular risk factors, including dysglycemia, dyslipidemia and central obesity. MS is prevalent in Latin America, contributing significantly to the regions cardiovascular burden. However, precise prevalence data remain scarce.
Objective: To provide a comprehensive review of the prevalence of MS among adults in Latin American countries.
Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies were conducted following the 2020-JBI recommendations and the PRISMA checklist. Included studies were cross-sectional, cohort, and surveys, reporting MS prevalence in the general population of Latin American. Exclusions included studies on special populations, in minors or pregnant women. Study quality was assessed using STROBE guidelines. Meta-analysis used a random-effects model with logit transformations, and Restricted Maximum Likelihood to estimate heterogeneity. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed, and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test.
Results: 90 studies evaluated MS prevalence using six diagnostic criteria, with an overall prevalence of 40% (95% CI: 32–72). Mexico had the highest prevalence (61%), followed by Ecuador (50%). Factors influencing prevalence included male sex, older age, diagnostic criteria, and urban location. IDF 2006 and JIS 2009 were the most accurate criteria. High heterogeneity reflected the diverse context of Latin America. No publication bias was detected.
Conclusions: MS prevalence has risen, specifically in urbanized areas, females and older adults. Primary care preventive strategies are crucial to reduce its burden. IDF 2006 and JIS 2009 are preferred for their accuracy and concordance.
Key words: Metabolic syndrome, prevalence, systematic review, systematic review and meta-analysis, meta-analysis, metanalysis, Latin America.