Meta-research or “research on research” is a growing focus area in epidemiology that aims to improve the quality, validity, and reliability of research findings. It evaluates key aspects of good scientific practice (e.g., study design and research methods, transparency and reporting standards, reproducibility), as well as factors influencing research conduct like peer review, publication models, incentives, and funding. Epidemiology offers a rich space for conducting meta-research; its methodological complexity, use of diverse study designs and populations, reliance on evidence synthesis, and potential to inform health policy present unique challenges and opportunities to advance meta-research methods and improve research practice in complex real-world settings. Moreover, the field’s adoption of reporting guidelines like STROBE and growing encouragement of study preregistration provide concrete avenues to enhance transparency and reproducibility in epidemiologic research.